Smart (Cognitive) Business Applications and Services (Work in Progress)
This is an updated version several prior versions of this similar graphic. (This regarding what I called the XBRL stack, and this on problem solving systems.) All of these are inspired by another similar graphic that describes what is referred to as the Semantic Web Stack or "layer cake".
What I am trying to show is a technology neutral framework that addresses all the aspects necessary to create a smart (cognitive) business application or service. Basically, all of these pieces are necessary and need to be addressed in one way or another: (working draft)
- Identifiers: (URI, IRI, ID, LEI)
- URL (Universal Resource Locator, more information)
- URI (Universal Resource Identifier, more information)
- Namespaces (xml:names)
- Identifiers (xml:id)
- GLEI
- LEI
- Data Types: (W3C XML Schema)
- Character Set: (ISO Unicode)
- Physical Technical Format or Syntax Framework: (ISO SGML,ISO 8879:1986, XML, ISO/IEC 21778:2017 JSON)
- ISO 8879:1986 Information processing — Text and office systems — Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
- XML (more information)
- JSON (ISO JSON, JavaScript Object Notation, more information)
- CSV
- Data Interchange and Exchange: (Physical technical format for information exchange)
- XBRL
- XBRL Instances
- Inline XBRL
- W3C Microformats (more information)
- RDF (Turtle, N-Triples, N3, JSON-LD, YAML-LD)
- Taxonomies, Schemas: (TBox, definition of terms or “nomenclature” or “jargon”, “entities” or “things” defined, standard data types)
- XML Schema Definition Language 1.1 Part 1: Structures (more information)
- XML Schema Definition Language 1.1 Part 2: Data Types (more information)
- XLink (more information)
- XBRL Dimensions
- Area of Knowledge Theory: (Associations between “entities” or “things”, ABox, Mereology (composition, “has-a”); association (specialization, “is-a”), aggregation; structures; atoms, molecules, organisms)
- ABox (Assertions)
- TBox (Terms)
- Mereology (Parts and Wholes)
- XLink (more information)
- XBRL Arcroles
- Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) (more information)
- Ontology
- Rules: (Consistency, cross checks, fundamental relations, information normalization; Assertions, restrictions, constraints; fact generation; mathematical rules; logic gates; declarative)
- Business Rules Manifesto
- Assertions
- Restrictions
- Constraints
- Fact generation
- Logic gates
- XPath (more information)
- RuleML
- Query: (Extract and use information)
- XULE (more information)
- XQuery (more information)
- XPath (more information)
- SQL (more information)
- GSQL (more information)
- WOQL
- SPARQL
- Knowledge Representation and Problem Solving Framework (knowledge graph): (Theory of how system works; models; extract and use information; Infon creation and use; problem solving, workflow; reasoning approach or logic chaining is “sequential”, “forward chaining”, “backward chaining”)
- XBRL, XBRL Formula, XBRL Dimensions
- RDF+OWL+SHACL, W3C RDF Data Cube Vocabulary
- PROLOG
- DATALOG
- GSQL
- SQL
- Knowledge Graph
- Standard Unifying Logic Framework: (Avoids logical paradoxes and catastrophic system failures; World View includes the Horn Logic, closed world assumption, unique name assumption, negation as failure; deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, abductive reasoning; DATALOG)
- ISO Common Logic (semantics)
- ISO Prolog (syntax)
- Horn Logic
- DATALOG
- Closed World Assumption (CWA)
- Unique Name Assumption
- Negation as Failure
- Deductive reasoning
- Inductive reasoning
- Abductive reasoning
- Proof, Verification, Quality Framework: (What makes you think that?) (Facts are provably correct; information is verifiably correct, complete, consistent; standard vocabulary to discuss quality)
- W3C Data on the Web Best Practices: Data Quality Vocabulary
- Seattle Method
- Standard Business Report Model (SBRM)
- Independent audit standards (compilation, review, audit)
- Lean Six Sigma
- Trust Framework: (Security, privacy, policy, trusted source, information provenance, audit trail, explainable line of reasoning)
- Digital Signature Framework: (Integrity, message authentication, signer authentication, legally binding)
- Transmission Framework: (Encryption, Cryptography, Immutability)
- Encryption (more information)
- Cryptography (more information)
- Immutability
- Smart (Cognitive) Business Applications and Services: (built declaratively rather than imperatively)
- GUI/UX (Graphical User Interface, User Experience, more information)
- API
- REST
- SOAP
- Cloud-based
- Microservices architecture
The following graphic shows the components of a smart (cognitive) business application or service:
Additional Information:
- System Thinking
- W3C Data on the Web Best Practices: Data Quality Vocabulary
- Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)
- Logical Systems for Business Professionals
- Grounded in Fixed System of Logical Patterns
- Modeling System Dynamics
- Semantic Web Stack (Denigma)
- Sematic Web in SPHN
- Evolution of the World Wide Web: From Web 1.0 to Web 4.0
- What Makes you Think That? The Semantic Web's Proof Layer
- Medical Big Data Analysis in Hospital Information System
- OSI Model
- XULE Home Page
- XULE Github
- DATALOG and Emerging Applications
- SHACL Wiki
- FAIR Principles
- Property Graph vs Knowledge Graph
- Graph Fundamentals - Part 3: Graph Schema Languages
- RDFox
- Digital Twin System
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